European Security: Beyond Guns and Soldiers Workshop
April 12, 2019 from 8:15 am – 9:30 pm in 215 Dauer Hall
This workshop is designed to make attendees familiar with a range of security issues confronting Europe and the transatlantic alliance. The workshop focuses on an expanded definition of security as it applies to Europe and the wider region. This will include an examination of energy security, the role of information systems in security, as well as migration, health and food security.
Produced by the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence and the Center for European Studies. Free and open to the public.
The European Commission support for this presentation does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflect the views of the presenter, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information given.
Agenda
| Friday, April 12, 2019 | |
|---|---|
| Time | Topic / Event |
| 8:15 a.m. – 8:45 a.m. | Continental Breakfast |
| 8:45 a.m. – 9:00 a.m. | General Welcome and Introduction |
| 9:00 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. | The RMA in Europe
|
| 10:30 a.m. – 10:45 a.m. | Coffee Break |
| 10:45 a.m. – 12:15 p.m. | Agricultural and Health Security in Europe
|
| 12:15 p.m. – 1:45 p.m. | Lunch |
| 1:45 p.m. – 3:30 p.m. | Energy and Cyber-Security in Europe
|
| 3:30 p.m. – 3:45 p.m. | Coffee Break |
| 3:45 p.m. – 4:30 p.m. | Roundtable Discussion with Students |
| 7:00 p.m. – 9:30 p.m. | Reception and Dinner (panelists and invited guests) |
Abstracts
Dr. Kaija Schilde, Boston University
The Political Economy of European Security
What is the relationship between private actors and international institutions in global governance, as institutions such as the EU develop aspects of political authority once in the sole domain of nation states? Important areas of recent EU development have been immigration, security, and defense policies. Are these EU policies the result of strategic imperatives, or are they also driven by the political economy of markets? Kaija Schilde argues that answers require evaluating the EU in the comparative tradition of the political development of authority. Drawing on industry documents, interviews, interest group data, an original survey, and comparative political theory, The Political Economy of European Security demonstrates that interest groups can change the outcomes of developing political institutions because they provide sources of external capacity, which in turn can produce authority over time. In this way, the EU is like a developing state in its relationship with interest groups.
Dr. Richard Bitzinger, NTU
Can Europe’s Military-Industrial Base Still Innovate?
Military-technological innovation has long been dominated by North Atlantic military-industrial complexes (MIC). In particular, most recent revolutions in military affairs (RMAs) have been centered in the United States and Europe. However, there are indicators that this historical process of military-technological innovation might shifting toward the Pacific region (still including the United States but also comprising China and other Asian nations). Europe’s MIC has been particularly affected by its paucity of next-generation, “4th industrial revolution” (4IR) programs. Nevertheless, the European MIC still has some advantages. It still possesses one of the strongest defense R&D bases; in addition, it is tapped in to the global high-technology commercial sector, creating latent possibilities for spin-on to military uses.
Dr. David Galbreath, University of Bath
Understanding Changes in European Militaries: A System Approach
European militaries have long been seen as lagging behind their American ally in terms of spending, size and operational readiness. While these debates in NATO predate the end of the Cold War, we have seen dramatic changes in European militaries since that continue to illustrate the stark contrast between the US and European militaries. This paper looks at how European militaries have changed, what are the drivers of change and what does this say about the state of European militaries today to meet the challenges of tomorrow. Through the prism of transform, transfer and translate, we look at European militaries’ relationship with the US and their experience in Iraq and Afghanistan. We also seek to classify those militaries that are seeking to modernise through following an American way of war, those that are ordering from the menu, and those that are politically challenged against a martial future. The paper refers to this classification as follow, frontline and falling. Overall, the paper argues that the explanation of change in European militaries reflects various factors of military transformation and seeks to show how these factors are codetermined to encourage change over stasis.
Dr. Maria Lodovica Gullino, University of Turin
European Research on Plant and Food Biosecurity
An overview on European approach to crop biosecurity will be given, with special emphasis on results achieved throughout research projects funded by the European Commission and by NATO. Although most plant disease outbreaks have natural causes or are the result of inadvertent introductions of pathogens through human activities, the risk of a deliberate introduction of a high consequence plant pathogen cannot be excluded. The considerable amount of research promoted by the European Union, which has also involved non-EU countries such as the United States, Israel and Turkey, has made possible, through a number of projects that took place in the last 15 years, the development of a comprehensive set of tools covering the entire risk management cycle, from prevention to preparedness, detection, response and recovery.
Dr. Alberto Laddomada, IZZA
Emerging Animal and Human Diseases: A Threat for the EU and for the Whole World
I will speak on how these diseases may cause serious health, economic and social problems both in developed and developing countries, in a world where borders are not any longer able to protect against their spread. As an example, I will focus on Influenza viruses, that affect both animals and humans, and African swine fever that only concerns pigs.
Dr. Jacqueline Fletcher, Oklahoma State University
Vulnerabilities, Threats and Gaps in the Biosecurity of Plant-Derived Foods in the European Union
Crop production and distribution systems throughout the European Union, which include farm production, harvesting, transport, processing, storage, marketing and consumption, are vast, complex and open. The high volume of trade in fresh vegetables and fruits contributes to its vulnerability to contamination, whether by accident or intent. Outbreak investigation is critical to understanding the sources of contamination and the steps required to minimize it. The fact that much of the trade in these commodities is international makes it essential that mediation efforts and cooperative research cross national barriers, just as the pathogens do. Enhancing the biosecurity of food production requires an understanding of which nodes in the food production system might it be vulnerable to contamination, either accidental or deliberate, and of how to discriminate between deliberately incited vs. accidental outbreaks. Strengthening epidemiological and surveillance systems in Europe, including the ability to trace implicated fresh produce to its source and enhancing forensically valid subtyping method(s) for detection and discrimination of associated foodborne pathogens would shorten outbreak response and mediation times.
Dr. Brandon Valeriano, USMC University
What Do We Know About Cyber Conflict? Scope and Implications for Europe
This presentation summarizes and connects various cyber conflict research projects I am engaged in to present a complete picture of the dynamics, theories, and scope of cyber operations in the digital age. The first task is to examine the scope of cyber operations and who uses the tactic against whom empirically. Next, the goal is to study the impact of cyber operations on conflict and cooperation dynamics with a goal of understanding the foreign policy dynamics of cyber conflict. Finally, I examine the future of cyber interactions and the implications of the strategy’s development for Europe. This research will provide a comprehensive investigation of cyber conflict, a tactic some suggest will change the future of international interactions. The key question is how it is used now and how to engage the tactic in the future given its critical policy implications and potential reliance on the technique by Russia.
Dr. Kevin Butler, University of Florida
Diverging Internet Infrastructures in Europe and the US, and Implications on Cybersecurity and Privacy
There are substantial difference emerging in how cybersecurity and privacy are evolving in jurisdictions around the world. In particular, we are seeing substantial changes between the European Internet and that in the US. However, both jurisdictions face threats that face no issues of proximity due the to global reach that the Internet affords. In this discussion, we will consider the threat landscape in light of these changes and their implications on security.
Dr. Zachary Selden, University of Florida
European Energy Security in a Global Context
The overall energy supply for the European Union is far more secure today than it was in 2009. This is in part because of changes at the EU and national levels that facilitate the movement of natural gas around the region as well as supply diversification. US Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) remains a small part of EU gas imports and is not currently a “game changer,” but the massive increase in US production and export both keeps prices low and provides a potential surge capacity in the event of a crisis that severely decreases the flow of Russian natural gas to Europe.
Participants
Dr. Richard Bitzinger
Richard A. Bitzinger is a Visiting Senior Fellow with the Military Transformations Program at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), where his work focuses on security and defense issues relating to the Asia-Pacific region, including military modernization and force transformation, regional defense industries and local armaments production, and weapons proliferation. Dr. Bitzinger has written several monographs and book chapters, and his articles have appeared in such journals as International Security, Orbis, China Quarterly, and Survival. He is the author of Arming Asia: Technonationalism and Its Impact on Local Defense Industries (Routledge, 2017), and the editor of The Modern Defense Industry: Political, Economic and Technological Issues (Praeger, 2009).
Dr. Kevin Butler
Kevin Butler is the Arnold and Lisa Goldberg Rising Star Associate Professor of Computer Science and University Term Professor in the Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering at the University of Florida. He is also Associate Director of the Florida Institute for Cybersecurity Research. Kevin’s research focuses on the security of computer systems, including embedded and IoT systems, firmware analysis, trustworthy computing, mobile device security and privacy, data integrity and provenance, security of financial systems, cyber-physical systems, adversarial machine learning, Internet security, and cloud systems security.
Kevin received a National Science Foundation CAREER award in 2013 and was named International Educator of the Year within he Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering in 2017 for his work on developing global standards for securing digital financial services in the developing world. He is co-chair of the International Telecommunication’s Security, Infrastructure, and Trust Working Group as part of the Financial Inclusion Global Initiative. Kevin was technical program co-chair of ACM WiSec 2018 and conference chair of the 2017 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, for which he received the IEEE Technical Committee on Security and Privacy’s Outstanding Community Service Award. His work has been featured in The Wall Street Journal, Wired, and many other media outlets. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE and ACM, and co-founder of CryptoDrop.
Dr. Jacqueline Fletcher
Jacqueline Fletcher Regents Professor, Emerita, Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, National Institute for Microbial Forensics & Food and Agricultural Biosecurity, Oklahoma State University: Dr. Fletcher received a B.S. in Biology from Emory University, M.S. in Botany from the University of Montana, and Ph.D. in Plant Pathology from Texas A&M. She is internationally recognized for her research on mechanisms of virulence and insect transmission of plant pathogenic bacteria; the relationships between human pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, and plants; and the emerging disciplines of microbial forensics and agricultural biosecurity. She established and served as Director of the National Institute for Microbial Forensics & Food and Agricultural Biosecurity (NIMFFAB), a multidisciplinary OSU initiative that addresses high priority national issues in plant pathogen forensics, crop biosecurity and food safety. Dr. Fletcher also served on the American Phytopathological Society’s Council, including as President. In the months following September 11, 2001, she led APS responses and input to National biosecurity initiatives. She organized and chaired both the APS Microbial Forensics Working Group and the APS Food Safety Working Group. She served as a member of the Forum on Microbial Threats at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, and remains active on several federal biosecurity advisory panels. Dr. Fletcher was named a Fellow of the American Phytopathological Society (APS) in 2005 and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2007. After retirement from OSU in late 2015 she now serves as a consultant and advocate for agricultural biosecurity and international scientific diplomacy.
Dr. David Galbreath
David J. Galbreath is Professor of International Security and Dean of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Bath, UK. He is the former editor-in-chief of European Security and Defense Studies, as well as current associate editor of the European Journal of International Security. His work focuses on military modernization and the role of technology in this process. His most recent books are co-edited with John Deni for the Routledge Handbook on Defense Studies (2018) and with Jocelyn Mawdsley and Laura Chappell for Contemporary European Security (2019). He is currently writing a manuscript with Alex Neads for Lynne Rienner publishers entitled Technologies at War expected 2020.
Dr. Maria Lodovica Gullino
Maria Lodovica Gullino is a full professor in Plant Pathology at the University of Torino. She is the Director of the Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the agro-environmental sector of the University of Torino since 2003. She is a consultant of the Italian Ministry of Environment at National and International workshop and at intergovernmental negotiations on topics related to the Montreal and Kyoto Protocols since 1994. Her main fields of research include sustainable crop protection in the frame of sustainable agriculture and environment protection: development and implementation of environmentally friendly plant protection strategies and transfer of technologies in developing countries and emerging economies, with special reference to China and countries in Central and Eastern Europe. She has written 700 research papers, 220 feature articles, and 21 books.
Dr. Alberto Laddomada
Alberto Laddomada, born in 1957, has a degree in veterinary medicine and master degrees in microbiology and virology. He worked for about fifteen years as a scientist at the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Sardinia, Sassari, Italy. At that time most of his scientific work was on African swine fever. In 1997 he joined the Animal Health Unit at the European Commission, Brussels, where he worked on EU policy and legislation on animal diseases, including classical and African swine fever and avian influenza. In Brussels he headed the Animal Health Unit from 2007 to 2015. During those years he led the process of adoption of the new EU “Animal health law” (Regulation (EU) 2016/429). Since mid-2015 he serves as general director of the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Sardinia.
Dr. Kaija Schilde
Kaija Schilde is Assistant Professor in the Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University. Her primary research interests involve European and transatlantic security, the political economy of defense and security industries, and the relationship between interest groups and states. Her first book, The Political Economy of European Security (Cambridge 2017), investigates the relationship between EU authority and the mobilization of interest groups, with a focus on security and defense interests. Her other research involves the relationship between military spending and force transformation in Europe and the US, the domestic drivers of arms exports, and the international diffusion of domestic security policies. Her second book manuscript explores why states outsource security and defense to private actors. She has published in Security Studies, the Journal of Common Market Studies, European Security, and the Journal of Peace Research.
Dr. Zachary Selden
Zachary Selden is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Florida. He was previously the Deputy Secretary General for Policy at the NATO Parliamentary Assembly based in Brussels, Belgium from 2008-2011. He was the Director of the Defense and Security Committee of the NATO PA from 2003-2007. Prior to that posting, he was the International Affairs Analyst in the National Security Division of the Congressional Budget Office (1999-2003) and the Director for Emerging Threats at Business Executives for National Security (1996-1999). His most recent publication is Alignment, Alliance and American Grand Strategy (University of Michigan Press, 2016).
Dr. Brandon Valeriano
Brandon Valeriano (PhD Vanderbilt University) is the Donald Bren Chair of Armed Politics at the Marine Corps University. He also serves as Senior Non-Resident Fellow at the Atlantic Council with the Cyber Statecraft Initiative. Dr. Valeriano has published five books and dozens of articles. His two most recent books are Cyber War versus Cyber Reality (2015) and Cyber Strategy (2018), both with Oxford University Press. Dr. Valeriano has written opinion and popular media pieces for such outlets as the Washington Post, Slate, Foreign Affairs, and Lawfare. He has provided testimony on armed conflict in front of both the United States Senate and the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Ongoing research explores conflict escalation, big data in cyber security, the cyber behavior of revisionist actors, repression in cyberspace, and the influence of video games on foreign policy.